Ziauddin A Kashmiri, Raheel Hussain, Farah Idrees, Saeeda Hyder.
Aetiological patterns of secondary hypertension under the age of 30 at Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad Sindh
Med Channel Jan - Mar 2008;14(1):9-13.
Deparment of Medicine Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro

OBJECTIVES: To find out the frequency and etiological pattern of secondary hypertension under 30 years of age. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive study SETTING: All medical and gynae/obs units and nephrology unit of Liaquat University over a period of 02 years. METHODS: 50 young hypertensive patients of either sex and with negative family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus were selected and evaluated on especially prepared proforma by taking comprehensive history, detailed examination and carrying out basic as well as relevant second line investigations. RESULTS: Analysis of 50 cases of hypertension in patients below 30 years of age showed 11(22%) cases to have pregnancy induced hypertension (preeclampsia and eclampsia), 8(16%) acute glomerulonephritis including 01 case of Good Pasteur`s syndrome, 3(6%) renal artery stenosis, 3(6%) Coarctation of aorta, 3(6%) iatrogenic Cushing`s syndrome, 2(4%) bilateral renal stones,1(2%) case of each of tuberculosis of kidneys, horse shoe kidneys with multiple stones, polycystic kidney disease, lupus nephropathy, oral contraceptive induced hypertension and right renal hypoplasia with left renal and ureteric duplex system. In 6(12%) cases, the cause of hypertension could not be ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: Renal causes (renal parenchymal and renovascular) were on the top of the list with 52% cases, pregnancy induced hypertension was the next with 22% cases. In most of the cases, history, clinical examination, routine investigations, ultrasound kidneys and renogram have still proved to be basic diagnostic tools for the workup of secondary hypertension, however the value of detailed investigations could not be denied in few cases. It is concluded that the frequency of essential and secondary hypertension in young is entirely dependent upon the composition and source of population studied as well as the availability of diagnostic tests.

Category: Internal Medicine
Keywords: Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension.

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