Irshad Hussain, Aftab Mohsin, Muhammad Ahmad Saeed, Fatima Shah, Ali Jawad Shah.
Etiology and Patterns of Lungs Involvement in Community Acquired Pneumonia in Patients Presenting at Tertiary Care Centre in Lahore.
Ann King Edward Med Uni Jan ;7(2):113-5.

As pneumonia is a group of specific infections, each having different epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentations and clinical course. Objectives of this study were to determine the etiological organisms in patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and also to find out the pattern of consolidation in lobar versus bronchopneumonia, sides of lungs involved and percentage of patients developing pleural effusion during course of the disease. Observational study with prospective data collection. This study was conducted in emergency department and West Medical Ward of Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 15th July 2000 to 30th Nov. 2000. Patients presenting in emergency, out patient departments of West Medical Ward Mayo Hospital, Lahore having features of lower respiratory tract infection clinically, were screened. Those who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, all concerned investigations especially x-ray chest, sputum gram staining and culture sensitivity were performed. All these patient were followed till complete recovery from pneumonia. Total 38 patients with CAP were included in the study, 29 males 9 females. Mean age was 41.38 years, commonest symptom was cough 100%, 47% were smoker. Main outcome measure was positive sputum culture. All patients on gram staining of sputum showed gram positive cocci or predominantly gram +ve cocci with gram -ve rods. Sputum culture was positive in only 31.6% cases, commonest organism was streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%) followed by staph aureus (7.9%) H. influenze, klebsiella, Pseudomonas, E. coli and Candida 2.6% each. Commonest pattern of consolidation was lobar 78.9%, bronchopneumonia 7.9% and mixed picture 13.2%. 21% developed pleural effusion during the course of illness. Lobar pneumonia is the commonest pattern of lung involvement, commonest etiological agent is strop. pneumoniae. One fifth of the patients developed para-pneumonic effusion.

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