Ubaidullah, Muhammad Khalid Masood, Muhammad Rafique, Ashraf Sultan.
Analysis of risk factors for vitamin D deficiency rickets in children below two years age.
Pak Paed J Jan ;32(2):82-6.

Objective: To determine the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency rickets. Design: Case control study Setting: Hospital based study Materials and Methods: One thirty cases and equal number of controls less than 2 years of age were included the study. Rickets was diagnosed through typical findings on X-ray wrist joint. Subjects were taken from Services Hospital, Mayo Hospital and Children Hospital, Lahore. Injection Vitamin D 600,000 IU I/M were given to all subjects. Appearance of healing line on follow up X-rays was taken as diagnostic for Vitamin D deficiency rickets. Non-responders were excluded from the study. The proposed risk factors were analyzed. Results: Risk factors for children which showed an association with rickets were age, 6–11 months, male gender, malnutrition, urban back-ground, pre-term birth, sun-light exposure <1 hour/week, heavy dress, unfortified animal milk and delayed weaning. Conclusion: Factors related to vitamin-D deficiency rickets in children are 6-11 months age, male sex, prematurity, drinking unfortified animal milk, delayed weaning, lack of sun exposure and absence of dietary supplementation with vitamin-D.

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