Rubina Sohail, Rehana Nazir, Yousaf Latif, Farrukh Zaman.
Evaluation of cervical smear in women attending Gynecological OPD.
J Surg Pak Jan ;13(3):121-3.

Objective: To find out results of cervical smear samples to identify associated risk factors like smoking, oral contraception usage, sexual behavior in patients with abnormal smear. Study Design: Descriptive cases series. Place of Duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore from 30.10.2007 to 29.04.2008. Patients and Methods: Five hundred patients were inducted from the gynecological outpatient department. For each patient, detailed history, demographic information, marriages of both partners and coital history were taken. Results: Out of 500 cases, in 278 (55.6%) the smear was reported negative for malignancy. One hundred eighty two (36.4%) had an inflammatory smear, 30 (6%) had CIN and in 10 (2%) the smear was inadequate for cytological examination. In the study the mean age of diagnosis of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) was 39.06±5.36 years. Low socio-economic status and high parity were major risk factors. Conclusion: Majority of women diagnosed as CIN were between 35-45 years. It is recommended that all women should have cervical smear at and above the age of 35 years.

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