Abdul Hameed Chohedri, Seyedi M, Masjedi M.
Propofol induced pain; comparison between effects of Lidocaine Propofol mixture and Metoclopramide premedication.
Professional Med J Jan ;15(2):205-10.

Propofol causes pain on injection in 28% - 90% of patients. A number of techniques have been tried for minimizing propofol-induced pain with variable results. Objectives: To compare the use of premixed lidocaine-propofol with metoclopramide pretreatment for the reduction of pain during injection of propofol in adult patients. Design: A prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Shiraz University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz, Iran. Period: From Jan 2007 to Dec 2007. Materials & Methods: 202 subjects (ASA 1-11) scheduled for elective operations under general anesthesia were allocated into three groups and treated as follows: Group A: 20 ml propofol mixed with 20mg lidocaine %1 following 2m1 normal saline; Group B: 20 ml propofol mixed with 2m1 normal saline following 5 mg metoclopramide; Group C (control group): 20 ml propofol mixed with 2 ml normal saline following 2 ml normal saline. Pain intensity was graded by a single, blinded observer and recorded as either severe, moderate, mild or no pain according to the response of the patients to the injection. Results: The incidence of pain was 72% in placebo group compared to 58.7% in the metoclopramide and 28.8% in the lidocaine group. Conclusion: Propofol-lidocaine admixture is more effective than metoclopramide pre treatment in decreasing the pain of propofol injection.

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