Tahir Iqbal, Jamal Zafar.
Frequency of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Rawal Med J Jan ;34(2):167-9.

Objective: To determines the frequency of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 100 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic in Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) during the period of May 2005 to October 2005. Those with type-1 diabetes, hypertension, retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, retinal vasculitis and sickle cell retinopathy were excluded from the study. After pupillary dilatation with Mydracil, a detailed fundoscopic examination was done with direct ophthalmoscopy and retinopathy was graded into background, preproleferative and proleferative retinopathy. Results: The mean age of participants was 47 years, 65 % were male and 35 % females. Overall, 9% patients were found to have retinopathy at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of retinopathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was found to be high in this study. This underlines the importance of detailed ophthalmic examination of all patients with diabetes at the time of diagnosis.

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