Abdallaziz Abdulrahman Alzahrane, Anthony Zwi.
Non-communicable diseases: an emerging global health agenda.
Pak J Public Health Jan ;2(2):52-5.

The four leading non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. NCDs have been identified as the second highest threat to the global economy. NCDs were estimated to contribute to 60% of world mortality and approximately 43% of the world\'s burden of diseases. As a consequence, there is a need for an urgent and global response towards NCDs, especially in developing countries where there is a fast economic development and open trade. Globalisation is playing an important role either directly or indirectly. The indirect positive effects are seen in improved overall economic growth; while, the direct negative effect is seen in the increased global marketing and production of tobacco as well fast food. Next, ageing population in developing countries has resulted in both demographic and epidemiological transitions that in turn affect the impact of NCDs on the overall wellbeing of populations. Today, low-cost, evidence-based interventions are available for individuals and populations. On a global level, emphasis has been placed on a few modifiable risk factors for NCDs, such as tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, heavy drinking and unhealthy diet. WHO has introduced an integrated stepwise approach to preventive and control tools that were taken from successful experiences in the Western Pacific region. These efforts need to be translated into action and taken forward into the real world in order to achieve effective outcomes. Strong and sustainable health care systems are required for the effective prevention and treatment of NCDs.

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