Imran Munir, Syed Mosaddaque Iqbal, Syed Abid Ali.
Open surgical tracheostomy and complications.
Pak J Surg Jan ;28(3):217-21.

Objective: To study the complications associated with emergency and elective tracheostomy. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration: Department of E.N.T and Head & Neck Surgery Fatima Hospital Baqai Medical University Karachi, and Department of ENT & Surgery Sir Syed Girls Medical College Karachi from November 2006 to August 2011. Material and Method: 64 patients of both gender all ages who underwent for tracheostomy were included in this study.Aft er pre-operative assessments open for surgical tracheostomy were perfomed. An already designed proforma was used and all these patients were observed for any complications occured immediately (per-operative) early post-operative and in late post-operative period. Results: Out of 64 patients 43 were male and only 21 were females. All underwent open surgical tracheostomy. Ages ranged from 05 to 78 years .Emergeny tracheostomy was performed in 58 % cases while elective tracheostomy was done in 42 % patients. 9% complcations were seen immediately, 17% in early post-operative and only 04% in late post-operative period, of total 30% complications which were more commonly seen in emergency tracheostomy & in young children. Per-operative bleeding was seen in 04%, aponea in 03%,emphysema in 02% as immediate complications while in early post –operative period dysphagia in 6% tubal obstruction in 04%,tubal displacement in 02% and infections was observed in 05% cases while in late postoperative period diffi cult decannulation seen in 03% and hypertrophied scar was noticed in 01% patient. Conclusions: Complications were noticed more commonly in emergency tracheostomy and in young children.

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