Zubair Akram, Muhammad Sar War, Tariq Shafi, Tahir Kamal, Tariq Aziz, Shahryar A Sheikh.
Risk factor analysis of Ischemic Heart Disease in patients presenting for Coronary Angiography at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore - Initial results of ongoing prospective study.
Pak J Cardiol Jan ;10(4):115-20.

Between September 1998 to June 1999 risk factor analysis of 2495 patients of established coronary artery disease presenting for coronary angiography was done. Patient population included 1963 males and 532 females. Majority 88.01% of patients was above age group 40. Dyslipidemia was most common identifiable major risk factor in our patient population. Lipoprotein abnormalities included raised total serum cholesterol (level>160 mg%) and LDL cholesterol (level>100mg%) in 86.65% and 85.25% cases respectively. This was followed by reduced serum HDL cholesterol (level <35 mg%) in 29.54% and raised triglyceride (levels >200mg%) in 42.28% of cases. Smoking was the second most important major risk factor in our male study group accounting for 45.4% of cases. History of hypertension and diabetes as a risk factor was present in 37.55% and 26.37% cases respectively. Compared to the west minor risk factors constituted very significantly to coronary risk as sedentary life style and obesity was present in 48.66% and 21.20% of our patient group while positive family history of HID was present in 38.19% of cases. Although lipoprotein abnormalities was the most significant risk factor in our patient population only 980 cases (39.27%) had their serum lipids checked previously out of which 803 cases had history of hyperlipidemia and only 30.37% of these cases were receiving drug therapy for hyperlipidemia. The findings of the study suggest that major as well as minor risk factors contribute to the incidence of coronary heart disease in our patient population. As lipoprotein abnormalities is the most significant major risk factor therefore screening of serum lipids should be a part of investigative workup of our CHD patients and lipid lowering therapy should become a routine part of secondary prevention programme. Avoidance of smoking, good diabetic and hypertensive control along with active lifestyle should also be aimed for prevention of recurrent coronary events thus reducing mortality.

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