Haroon Latif Khan, Prof Yousaf Latif Khan, Irfan Mehfooz, Muhammad Burhan, Saba Sardar, Abdul Rahman Khawaja.
Semen parameters; a descriptive observational study on sub-fertile males presenting at a private assisted reproduction clinic in lahore pakistan.
Professional Med J Jan ;23(05):589-96.

Semen is a pale whitish fluid secreted by male during ejaculation and contains spermatozoa which are male gametes essential of fertilizing the oocytes which are female gametes. In a quest to evaluate male’s fertility potential semen is analyzed to look into some of its characteristics and of the sperms contained within the semen analyzed. Method of collection influences the results of Semen analysis as does the technique of analysis. Spermatozoa are examined for number (count), shape (morphology) and movement (motility) in order to assess their quality. Non sperm cells, volume, Fructose level, pH, liquefaction are also checked as a part of routine analysis. Objectives: To describe the pattern of semen parameters in subfertile males. To look into frequency and distribution of abnormal semen parameters in a group of Pakistani males in Lahore. Methods: In this Retrospective, cross sectional, observational study all males undergoing for evaluation and treatment for sub-fertility at a private Assisted Reproductive Technology clinic in Lahore, Pakistan were included. Approval of the IRB was sought and data collection instrument was a specially designed Performa which was validated by the biostatistician of LIFE research cell. Data was extracted from the files of LIFE (Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology) and entered in SPSS version 15. Sampling technique was non-probability, consecutive. Semen analysis was done by methods defined by the WHO (World Health Organization). Results: Of total patient (n=679) 92.2% (626) males passed sample at LIFE (Lahore institute of fertility and endocrinology) and (7.8%) 53 brought sample from home. Of the males who passed sample at LIFE (78.8%) 535 collected semen by masturbation, (11.9%) 81 by coitus; the source of sample of (9.3%) 63 males was not known. As 2-6 ml semen was consider to be normal by WHO criteria, (80.6%) 547 males were in normal range (14.1%) 96 found to be less than 2-6 ml and (5.3%) 36 found to be more than normal range. According to WHO criteria 15 million/ml count is said to be normal, in our research (82.0%) 557 were found to be normal, in (2.9%) 20 count was found to be less than 15 million/ml and in (5.9%) 40 count was less than 1 million/ml. In (9.1%) 62 counts was found to be abnormally low. In this research (66.1%) 449 had normal sperm motility, (21.8%) 148 had less than 40% and abnormally low sperm motility was found in (12.1%) 82 males. Conclusion: The results of the single semen analysis are of limited utility and no decision should be taken on the bases of these results in term of diagnosis and treatment strategies.

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