Muhammad Sohaib Ejaz Khan, Jamal Zafar, Rizwan Aziz Qazi, Shajee Ahmed Siddiqui.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Diabetes in a Cohort of Islamabad Population.
Ann Pak Inst Med Sci Jan ;9(3):141-5.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetic patients in urban population of Islamabad and to determine its association with risk factors. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Department of General Medicine, PIMS, Islamabad. Data collected for one week at screening camps. Material and Methods: Total 624 adult people from urban Islamabad were enrolled through screening camp at PIMS. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria of random plasma glucose value of 200 mg/dL or higher with presence of symptoms. Risk factors studied were family history, obesity (measured through BMI and cut-off was taken as 25 kg/m2), history of smoking, history of hypertension (on anti-hypertensive medication), and sedentary life style (using criteria of ADA of taking physical exercise less than 150 minutes weekly). Chi-square test was performed to estimate significance values. Results: 168 patients had already established disease and excluded from the study. Out of remaining 456 (100%) subjects, frequency of newly diagnosed diabetes was 10.7 % (n = 49). Family history and hypertension were strongly associated with the presence of disease (P < 0.05) followed by obesity/overweight (P = 0.002) and sedentary life style (P = 0.025). Smoking was not significantly associated (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A significant percentage of people were having disease but were not diagnosed. Early detection in this group and prevention in high risk group through life style intervention program could reduce the overall burden of the disease in the region.

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