Naila Asghar, Muhammad Naveed Riaz.
State-trait resilience and mental health outcomes among adults: comparative study of Pakistan and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;56(2):58-62.

Background: Resilience is ability to cope with and recover from stressful situations in life. Prior research in Pakistan has been focused on resilience among disaster victims. The current research has taken resilience from a broader spectrum and investigated its role in mental health outcomes from a cross-cultural perspective. Objectives: To examine the role of state- trait resilience in predicting well-being, depression, anxiety and stress among adults living in Pakistan and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Subjects and Methods: Adults living in Pakistan and KSA participated in this descriptive comparative research. State-Trait Resilience Inventory, Short Warwick Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used in both populations. Results: A total of 226 from both countries participated in the study. Linear regression analysis confirmed the role of trait, state and overall resilience in the prediction of well-being in both countries and across both cultures. Trait, state and overall resilience had direct effect on depression, anxiety and stress. Moreover, adults from Pakistan exhibited more resilience and well-being as compared to their counterparts from KSA. Pakistani adults also exhibited low level of psychiatric symptoms as compared to adults from KSA. Conclusion: Trait, state and overall resilience had a direct effect on well-being and psychological problems with salient cross-cultural differences in the level of these variables. Policy message: As compared to Pakistani adults, low resilience and well-being whereas heighten level of psychiatric symptoms are seen in KSA patients which requires attention of mental health professionals in KSA. Key words: Resilience, state resilience, trait resilience, well-being, depression, anxiety, stress, adults.

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