Sana Zafar, Danish Javaid, Hanna Abdul Majeed, Khurram Anwar, Mudassar Iqbal Arain, Muhammad Ali Ghoto.
Carious And Remineralised Enamel; Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Texture Mapping.
Professional Med J Jan ;24(7):1036-43.

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to determine from where the demineralisation of crystals occur in enamel during carious process and where the new crystals will form during remineralization. Material and Methods: Synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the crystal orientation and texture of enamel for a Period: of 02 years during 2010 and 2011. It was done on extracted teeth. 10 sides of a single tooth were analysed and a total of 100 teeth were examined. Sample analysis was done using composite imaging and powder diffraction using Fit 2D software. Settings: The study was done at Queen Mary University of London, Miles End Campus England. Sections of a tooth were taken having 1) healthy control enamel 2) natural carious enamel 3) artificially demineralized enamel and 4) artificially remineralized enamel. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction was carried out and two dimensional images of the areas of the tooth were collected. A 20µmx20µm beam spot was used to collect images at high resolution in order to see the changes that occur in a small region of interest. First the Fit2D software was used for powder diffraction data processing and later Origin software was used obtain the texture values of the above mentioned areas. Results: Comparison of the side and cuspal both for the control and carious enamel showed that the carious enamel has a better texture than the control enamel. Also a repetition of the pattern after every 60 to 100um was seen in the cuspal enamel both in the control and carious enamel respectively. Conclusion: The natural carious enamel showed a better texture and more orientation from the healthy control enamel. This indicates that the continuous processes of demineralization and remineralization which occur in enamel during caries may have some effects in increasing the texture of enamel since the mineral left in the carious enamel has a higher degree of crystallite orientation than the control enamel.

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