Yahya Malik.
Impact of various factors on the incidence of congenital abnormalities as diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound examination in Lady Willingdon Hospital (LWH).
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;9(2):84-90.

Objective: To study the impact of various factors on the incidence of Congenital Abnormalities as diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound examination. Material and Methods: 1794 congenitally abnormal fetuses were diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound examination in LWH during the period from 4th August 2004 to 31st December 2011. Results: On average, 224 cases of congenitally abnormal fetuses were diagnosed per year. 1652 cases were recorded from the Lahore and adjoining districts mainly on the north side of Lahore. Maximum number of patients were around 25 years of age, were in their first year of marriage with an obstetrical history of gravida 1 and para 0. In 1020 cases consanguineous marriages were present. Conclusion: Counseling regarding completion of family at an earlier age, cousin marriages, avoidance of certain environmental hazards, having serial antenatal ultrasound examinations and food and dietary supplementation may help to reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities in a significant way.

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