Muhammad Ismail, Fazlul Aziz Mian, Iqbal S Khan, Asad Riaz, Shahid Nawaz Malik, Naeem Malik, Shafiq Arshad, Akhtar Ali, Mutahir Shah, Jamil Ahmad, Muhammad Nadeem.
Causes Of Heart Failure - A Study In Cardiology Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;7(1):43-7.

Objective: To find out causes of heart failure in patients who presented for echocardiography in PIMS Islamabad. Material & Methods: This observational study was carried out in 100 consecutive patients with history of dyspnea and abnormal echocardiography who reported to the Cardiology Department, PIMS, Islamabad. Results: Out of 100 patients, 43 were male and 57 were female. Fifty one percent patients were above the age of 50 years and only 21% were under 30 years of age. Hypertension was present in 51% patients while 22% had diabetes mellitus. Coronary artery disease was present in 26% cases and was the commonest cause of systolic dysfunction. Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction was the leading cause of heart failure followed by myocardial infarction and rheumatic heart disease.

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