Aurangzeb Kalhoro, Abdul Samad, Lal Rehman.
Frequency of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea in mild head injury with pneumo-encephalus.
Pak J Surg Jan ;34(3):215-8.

Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is a condition that occurs during head injury which might be lethal if not treated accordingly. Therefore this study was performed to determine frequency of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea in mild head injury (GCS 13-15) with skull base fracture diagnosed by CT Scan brain plain. Duration: 17 April 2017 to 16 March 2018 Study design : Observational study Setting: Jinnah post graduate mrdical centre Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted on 97 patients for a period of around 1 year from 17th April 2017 till 16th March 2018 with non-probability convenient sampling technique in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Jinnah Post-graduation Medical Centre Karachi after taking ethical approval. Patients of either gender presenting with mild head injury having a history of fall, road traffic accident or assault between the ages of 16 to 65 years, with a GCS between13-15 were included in this study. Patients with a GCS <13 and with a history of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea, skull base surgery, brain space occupying lesion like tumours, tuberculoma or abscess were excluded from this study. The demographic variables were documented. Demographic variables such as age and gender were recorded. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Chi-square test was applied to assess the association. Significance of P value was set at being ?0.05. Results: the mean ages of the patients were 40.42 ± 7.47 years. Out of 97 patients, 59(60.8%) were males and 38(39.2%) were females. Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea in patients of mild head injury having GCS 13 was 74.1% (20/27), with GCS 14 was 39.4% (15/38) and with GCS-15 was 68.8% (22/32) patients. From the 59(60.8%) males, 40(68%) of them were diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhoea while 19(32%) were not.significant difference was observed among GCS groups (p-value=0.008). Traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea in mild head injury with skull base fracture diagnosed by plain CT-Scan of brain reported that 61 (63%) of the patients had CSF rhinorrhoea. Conclusion:the results of the present study predicted a high proportion of CSF leakage in patients with mild head injury. Furthermore, significant association was observed in age and glassgow comma scale with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

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