Shadab Ahmed Butt, Taquayya Sultana Abidi, Liaqat Ali Minhas.
Effects of Ultrasound on Liver.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;52(2):179-83.

The unicellular organisms and small fish were killed when Ultrasound was first used. Exposure of Rat`s liver to varying ultrasound frequencies and time intervals had produced damage ranging from perilobular necrosis to centrilobular damage with lymphocytic infiltration. Keeping in view the growing application trend of diagnostic ultrasound in medicine, its effect`s on rabbit`s liver were studied. Fifty rabbits with 6501350 gm gross body weight, were studied in five groups. Group I was control and Groups II-V were exposed to an ultrasound frequency of 5 MHz, intensity 100db for 5 minutes daily for 5,10,15 and 30 days. On completion of each exposure, livers were dissected out and examined macroscopically. Macroscopically liver revealed subcapsular hemorrhages and 1-3 mm size connective tissue nodules with solid walls and soft necrotic center. The tissues were processed and stained by heamotoxyllin, eosin and silver impregnation method. The microscopic examination revealed cavitational spaces (dilated sinuses), swollen hepatocytes with large clear spaces, lymphocytic infiltration, perilobular (triad), centrilobular distortion progressing in intensity in groups II to IV. Maximum distortion with necrosis and fibrosis was noted in group V. The findings of the current study reveal that ultrasound may have side effects if used repeatedly especially when for longer duration.

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