Waqar Azim, Saad Azim, Haleema Shaft, Khalid Ahmed.
Diabetic Nephropathy in relation to duration and severity of Diabetes Mellitus.
Biomedica Jan ;19:33-9.

This paper presents a retrospective interventional study on 200 patients having diabetes mellitus for 5-15 years. Their histories were taken and clinical examination carried out. They were investigated for plasma glucose fasting and 2 hours after 75g glucose, glycated haemoglobin, blood urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, 24 hour urinary protein and spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Data analysis was performed on SPSS computer software. In these 200 cases, 120 (60%) were males and 80 (40%) were females. Age ranged between 37 and 74 years. Ninety six (48%) cases showed accompanied hypertension. Normal albumin excretion (< 30 mg/24 hours) was present in 40 (20%) diabetics, microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 hours) was present in 57 (28.5%) cases while macroalbuminuria (> 300 mg /24 hours) was present in 103 (51.5%) cases. There was a direct relation of albuminuria with diabetes duration (correlation 0.749, p value < 0.01) and glycated haemoglobin (correlation 0.78, p value < 0.01). Creatinine clearance varied inversely with duration of diabetes, glycated haemoglobin and albuminuria. The purpose of the study was to observe diabetic nephropathy and to correlate it with duration and severity of diabetes. It was observe that nephropathy was the most important complication of diabetes. It varied directly with the duration and severity of diabetes. Microalbuminuria is an early indication and every diabetic should follow a regular screening programme.

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