Asma Sarnee, Khadija Zia, Mehdi Hasan Mumtaz.
Effect of Buprenorphine, Pentazocine and Tramadol on respiration.
Pak J Med Sci Jan ;20(1):46-50.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Bupernorphine, Pentazocine and Tramadol on Respiration. Study design: This is a prospective study. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Intensive Care Unit of Nishtar Hospital, Multan from July to December 2001. Patients and method: Sixty patients belonging to age group ranging between 18-35 years, of ASA-I&II grades undergoing elective cesarean section were selected. All the patients suffering from severe systemic disease, not falling in ASA 1 or 2 and patients allergic to Opioids were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into three groups using the non-probability convenience sampling technique. Each group comprised of 20 patients. All the patients received endotracheal general anesthesia. In postoperative period Group-A received injection Bupernorphine 0.5mg IM. Group-B received injection Pentazocine 30mg IM and Group-C received Tramadol 100mg IM for pain relief. The effects on respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume and arterial blood gases were evaluated 30 minute, 1 hour, 2 hour and 4 hour after giving analgesia. Dosages were repeated 8 hourly. Results: Bupernorphine led to a fall in respiratory rate and minute volume in 30 minute, whereas Pentazocine decreased the respiratory rate after 30 minute but minute volume was decreased in 5 minute, where as Tramadol had no effect on respiratory rate and minute volume. Pa02 was decreased within 30 minute with Bupernorphine and Pentazocine where as PaC02 raised after 60 minutes with Bupernorphine but within 5 minute with Pentazocine where as with Tramadol there was no significant alteration in arterial blood gas values. Conclusion: Opioids have a respiratory depressant effect which manifested within 30-60 minute of IM administration, where as Tramadol which is a non opioid, does not cause respiratory depression in equiv. potent doses.

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