Khalid Mahmood Tariq, Qamar Hassnain, Shujaat Hussain, Uzma Bano.
Adverse effects of smoking in the flyers of Pakistan Air Force.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;53(2):156-9.

This study was carried out to assess the adverse effects of smoking on pilots at PAF Base Sargodha. 73 Aircrew were included in the study. 28 pilots, 28/73 (38.35%) were found to be smokers. 57% of pilots reported high frequency of upper respiratory tract problems per year. 100% reported altered taste sensation. 78% reported dyspepsia/heartburn. The study recommends that all aircrew who smoke must quit smoking as it affects almost all body systems.

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