Naveed Mazhar, Uzma Saeed, Amanullah Khan, Kamran Illahi Memon.
Ultrasound a cost effective and accurate imaging modality for evaluation and localization of ganglion cyst.
Pak J Radiol Jan ;28(2):94-8.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate different features of ganglion cyst by using ultrasound and its exact localization in relation to adjacent tendons, ligaments, arteries and joints. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Radiology, Dallah Hospital, Riyadh. Study duration was 1 year (1 st August 2016 to 31 st July 2017). A sample size of 89 patients was achieved using simple random sampling (Lottery Method). Patients diagnosed with ganglion cysts, both genders and age greater than 18 years were included. Superficial ultrasound with high frequency transducer was performed in all patients, probe frequency ranging from 12 to 18 MHz. Ethical approval was taken from the ethical review board of Dallah Hospital and consent was taken from patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS Software version 20. Chi-square test was applied for observing the association between different variables. Results: Total 89 patients were included in the study. There were 25(28%) males and 64(72%) females. Mean age of patients was 43.6 +- 14.8 SD. Most common location of a ganglion cyst in relation to joint, ligament, tendon & artery was anterior to scapholunate ligament 9(10.1%) and around the scapholunate joint dorsal aspect of wrist 18(20.1%), volar surface 10(11.2%) and medial to radial artery 2(1.1%) respectively. A significant association was reported between limb & anatomical side (p=0.03), margins & echogenicity (p=0.03). Conclusion: Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for evaluation and localization of ganglion cysts. Majority of ganglion cysts appear anechoic, have smooth margins and demonstrate clear internal content with no septation or echoes. Moreover, ganglion cysts occur most commonly adjacent to the scapholunate ligament on the dorsal surface of the wrist . Although the diagnosis of ganglion cysts is rarely a problem, we believe ultrasound allows accurate evaluation of ganglion cysts even as small as 2 mm, which are difficult to appreciate clinically or on MR imaging.

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