Ghazala Ashfaq, Faizullah Kakar, Maqbool Ahmed.
Female sterilization and its effects on women health.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;42(4):160-6.

Background: Female sterilization (tubal ligation) is the method of choice for most of the women world over. Among the Current users of contraceptives in Pakistan the same method is at top. Pakistani women have a unique characteristic in terms of low hormonal contraceptive use, high parity and other social and cultural factors. Objective: The objective of the study was to find long-term effects of female sterilization on health of women at least 2 years after ligation. Methodology: A descriptive,community-based study was conducted by visiting women in their homes in communities surrounding the area of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Women who had undergone tubal sterilization were interviewed. Result: The data collected has revealed the ligated women reporting more for health and two fold greater Gynecological disorders as compared to control group. Conclusion: Long term follow up services are required to be strengthened.

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