Asma Hassan, Kashif Sardar, Muhammad Azam Mushtaq, Imran Masood, Muhammad Usman Bappi, Nighat Fatima.
Frequencies of Various Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Pak J Chest Med Jan ;27(1):25-31.

Respiratory Infections; DM; LRTI Background: Chest infections are one of the factors for excessive morbidity and mortality of the people having diabetes mellitus. Defects conferred by diabetes in the immune system related to functioning of different cells including polymorphonuclear cells, monocytes and Lymphocytes are the reason for increased infections in diabetics. Objective: To determine the frequency of various lower respiratory tract infections in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The present study was conducted at department of Pulmonology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. A total of 139 patients with type 2 DM were included in this study. The age of the study cases were from 30 to 60 years. Patients of both genders were selected for this study. Patients with tuberculosis, chest trauma, asthma and sore throat were excluded. Results: Mean age was 41.64 +- 8.49 years. Out of the 139 patients, 95 (68.35%) were male and 44 (31.65%) were females. Pneumonia was found in 33 (23.74%), acute bronchitis in 29 (20.86%), pleural effusion in 14 (10.07%), pleuritis in 23 (16.55%) and pulmonary tuberculosis in 52 (38.13%) patients of DM type 2. Conclusion: The most common causes of lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion are tuberculosis and cancer. Tuberculosis is more common in children and adolescents, whereas cancer is more common in adults. In patients with unidentified exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion, pleural biopsy should be a regular diagnostic technique.

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