Fiaz Ahmad, Saba Shamim.
Microbial Flora Analysis of Urinary Tract Infection in patients Suffering from Nephrotic Syndrome in Lahore, Pakistan.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;15(2):138-41.

Objective: To find the microbial flora in urinary tract infection patients suffering from nephritic syndrome in tertiary care hospital, Lahore. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Lahore from June 2014 June 2016. A total of 500 samples were collected from nephrotic syndrome patients suffered from UTI. The patients were divided in found age groups group 1 (15-25 years), group 2 (25-40 years), group 3 (40-60 years) and group 4 (above 60).Data was collected by using a predesigned questionnaire. Midstream urine was collected in sterile container and processed by standard microbiological methods. Frequency was determined by calculating the percentages. Results: Out of 500 samples, females were found to be more affected i.e. 61 % (n=305) as compared to males, 39 % (n=195). Both genders were found to be most affected in age group 25- 40 years (109 females: 92 males) and least was found in patients between 40 -60 years in females while above 60 years in male patients. E. coli showed the highest frequency (71 %) and found in all age groups, followed by Klebsiella (10%), S. aureus (10 %), Enterococcus (3 %), Streptococcus (3 %) and P. aeruginosa (3 %). Gram positive bacteria showed sensitivity to vancomycin, linzolid, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, cephradin and penicillin. Gram negative bacteria showed sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, sulfzone, tazocin, cefruxime polymyxin B, colistin and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: Precautionary measures should be strictly followed to avoid infections and complications in urinary system by proper cleanliness and awareness of sex education in adults.

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