Khaliq Jan, Rubeena Gul, Kashif-ur Rehman Khalil, Faisal Hassan, Nazim Hameed, Ramsha Hamid.
Workplace Violence and its contributing factors in healthcare workers of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan.
Isra Med J Jan ;15(1):15-9.

Objective: To find the frequency of various types of violence and its contributing factors among healthcare workers in tertiary healthcare hospitals of Peshawar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Emergency Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Peshawar, from 1 st January 2021 to June 30, 2021. Methodology: A sample size of 400 healthcare professionals from three hospitals was determined using open epi simple size calculator. The selection of participants was conducted using a non-probability convenient sampling approach. Data was collected using a pretested structured questionnaire after the participants' informed permission was acquired. Healthcare professionals include individuals such as physicians and registered nurses. Results: Most healthcare employees, 97.5%, said they did not experience physical abuse. A total of 1.5% of participants reported experiencing being assaulted once, whereas 1.0% reported experiencing physical assault two to three times. The mean and standard deviation for the latter group were calculated to be 1.04+-0.232. A total of 37.2% of respondents said they did not experience any verbal abuse during the previous year. A total of 14.8% of respondents reported experiencing verbal harassment at least once, while 31.8% indicated facing verbal abuse two to three times. Additionally, 16.2% reported encountering verbal abuse more than four times during the last year. These findings yielded a mean of 2.27 occurrences of verbal abuse, with a standard deviation of 1.127. Conclusion: Verbal abuse is a pervasive concern in healthcare, often coupled with physical and emotional aggression.

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