Robina Bangash, Imtiaz Ahmad, Mujahid-ul Islam, Azam Jan, Haseeb Ahmed, Muhammad Wasim Sajjad, Saifullah.
Preoperative Anemia as a Negative Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: a Retrospective Study.
J Gandhara Med Dent Sci Jan ;11(1):50-3.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to check the effects of Anemia on mortality and morbidity in patients having ischemic heart disease and undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODOLOGY: The study involved all the patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery from July 2019 to December 2022. The clinical data of patients was retrospectively collected from the departmental data pool and was then analyzed using the chi-square test and t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The study included 2570 patients who underwent isolated CABG; 78.2% of patients were males with a mean age of 57.87 +- 9.20. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (68.9%), followed by dyslipidemia (53.7%) & Diabetes mellitus (49.9%). The preoperative mean hematocrit was 30.05 +- 17.85. Of these 2570 patients, 52.37% were anaemic with a mean age of 58.69 +- 9.05. Anemic patients had a significantly higher rate of IABP insertion (P 0.02) and intra-operative blood product transfusion (P <0.001). Anemic patients had a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (P 0.04) and a higher rate of postoperative blood product transfusion (P <0.001). There is no significant difference in terms of prolonged ventilation, reintubation, or readmission to ICU; however, nonanemic patients have a significantly higher rate of re-opening for bleeding/ tamponade (P 0.01). CONCLUSION: Preoperative anaemia increases the mortality and morbidity in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. To improve the outcomes in CABG surgery, preoperative anaemia should be thoroughly investigated and treated to improve the outcomes of surgery.

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