Riffat Munawwar, N Rehan, Ameen Siddique.
Gender Bias in Health Administration of Punjab.
Mother & Child Jan ;38(2):43-51.

The study was the situation analysis of females at managerial posts in the health sector of Punjab. Main objectives included analysis of the job structure in health sector, identifications of preceived inhibitons of females for availing the opportunity of being a health administrator and to find out the job constrains faced by females working at administrative posts. Results showed that 4-tier service structure and service rules of health department do not exhibit any gender discrimination. There seems to be no bias in recruiting the female doctors, on the part of government. Criterion of selection is same for male and female. There is no salary discrimination. Promotion requirements for both males and females are same. However, female administrators faced numerous job constraint especially political pressures, lack of support, discrimination in facilities and negative attitude of male collegues. This negative attitute drive females away from taking up managerial positions. Besides this another important factor was the familial responsibilities, which females have to perform along with the administrative job. There were other allied reasons like lack of awareness regarding administrative jobs, excessive workload, inadequate managerial training, male environment and lack of personal / professional satisfaction.

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