Muhammad Ali, Mansoor Ahmad, Rashida Hafeez.
Maternal and Fetal outcome; comparison between emergency Cesarean section versus elective Cesarean section.
Professional Med J Jan ;12(1):32-9.

Objective: To find the maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in elective versus emergency caesarean section. Design: Prospective Setting: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit-III, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: One year. Material and methods: 150 patients who underwent caesarean section were evaluated for maternal and fetal complications. Results: Overall intra-operative complications rate was 8.67%. 12 out of 13 complications occurred in emergency group. Postoperative complication was 34.66% and out of it emergency versus elective were 90.38% vs 9.62% respectively. Similarly maternal mortality was 666/100,000 in emergency group. Fetal complications were also higher in emergency group in this study i.e. 22.2% vs 10.86% in emergency vs elective group. Similarly prenatal morbidity was 15.04% in emergency group vs 8.10% in elective group. Fetal outcome was 100% in elective vs 94.69% in emergency caesarean section group. In one year period of study caesarean birth rate turned out as 17.56% which is quite comparable to the rate in western countries but the rate does not reflect true caesarean birth in a given population because of the fact that this hospital being a tertiary referral center drains only complicated cases of the wide spread area of south Punjab. Higher incidence of caesarean birth can be reduced without increasing the morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, proper sterilization and prophylactic antibodies can reduce the infectious morbidity after both emergency and elective caesarean section. Conclusions: Higher incidence of emergency caesarean section is a major contribution for increased rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in caesarean deliveries. This can be reduced by improving the quality and availability of antenatal care of masses. We can also reduce the incidence of caesarean birth without increasing perinatal morbidity and mortality.

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