Nadra Sultana, Naila Tahir, Tahir Aziz Ahmed, Dilshad Ahmad Khan.
Anti Paternal Leukocyte Antibodies (APA) in patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (RSA).
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;47(2):45-7.

A study was carried out in MH, Rawalpindi in collaboration with the Department of Immunology, AFIP to find out the incidence and the etiological factors of recurrent spontaneous abortions . The study was specifically directed to find out the role of the anti paternal cytotoxic antibodies (APA) in patients with RSA where no other possible cause could be found. One year study form Jan 1993 to Jan 94 revealed 140 patients with RSA out of a total of 5030 patients 12.7%1. About 50% of these were consanguineous couples, with age between 20-30 years . Among them, 38% were primary aborters with 66.8% of abortions occurring between 6-12 weeks of gestation. In 25.75% of patients etiological factors could be detected. These were diabetes mellitus, cervical incompetence, fibroid uterus and abnormal karyotype while 1.4% had congenitally abnormal foetuses. About 80% of patients lacked antipaternal cytotoxic antibodies. The control group showed 73% couples without antipaternal antibodies. The difference between the test and the control groups was statistically insignificant IP=0.7, Exact Probability)

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