Saifullah Jamro, Abdul Salam Kalhoro, Zulfiqar Mangi.
Surgical pathologies: significant cause of chronic renal failure in children.
J Surg Pak Jan ;12(3):129-31.

Objectives To find out clinical presentation of chronic renal failure (CRF) in children especially in relation to its etiology with emphasis on surgical causes. Study Design: Descriptive study. Place & duration of study: The study was conducted at Children Hospital Chandka Medical College (CMC) Larkana from January 2001 to December 2005. Patients & Methods: The criteria for inclusion into the study was a sustained elevation of serum creatinine for more than three months, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <30% for > three months and / or small contracted kidneys. Detailed clinical profile recorded and relevant investigation done. Result: Seventy eight confirmed cases of CRF were included in the study, 51 males and 37 females. 90% of cases presented after 3 years of age. Common clinical presentations were anemia (93.5%), growth retardation (74.3%), urinary complaints (65.3%) and hypertension (53.8%). Most common primary causes leading to CRF were reflux nephropathy (24.5%), posterior urethral valves (23%), glomerulonephritis (15.4%) and urolithiasis (14%). Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of the cause may prevent and / or delay the progress to end stage renal disease (ESRD).

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