Nabeela Ata, Ejaz Ahmed, Ata Ullah Khan.
A lapratomy for missed IUCD : as bladder stone.
Professional Med J Jan ;14(2):367-8.

The intrauterine device is an effective long acting method of contraception, which is perhaps under rated in developed world. It results in a local inflammatory reaction within the cavity of the uterus, which probably, acting through tubal and uterine fluid, interferes with the viability of both sperm and eggs . It also inhibits 1 implantation. Inert devices are no longer recommended, like lippe’s loop. Modern copper containing devices are licensed for use over 5 (Nova T380) to Copper T380 years, after a woman reaches 40 the device need not be changed and can be removed. One year after the last menstrual period copper IUDS consisting of a plastic frame with wire round the stem and some cases copper caps on arms. The surface area of the copper determines the life span and efficacy of the device . A 2 frame less IUD gynafix composes six copper beads threaded to hold them all in place and the sting has a knot at the proximal end which is embedded, using a special insenter into myometerium, anchoring it in place. A levonorgestrel releasing device has been licensed in 1995 under the trade name of Mirena. This is a review article.

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