Shagufta Tahir, Aziz Abdullah.
Frequency of urinary incontinence and the associated obstetric and gynaecological risk factors.
J Surg Pak Jan ;17(2):48-52.

Objective: To find out the frequency and associated obstetrical and gynaecological risk factors of urinary incontinence in women. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place & Duration of study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Liaquat National Hospital Karachi, from August to November 2009. Methodology: Women from various out-patient departments and waiting areas of the hospital were interviewed after taking an informed consent. The questionnaire covered demographic data, physical characteristics, gynaecological and obstetrical risk factors associated with symptoms of urinary incontinence. Results: A total of 510 women (mean age of 35.4 year and parity 2.6) were studied. Out of the total women interviewed 234(45.9%) reported episodes of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence was found related to traumatic and operative vaginal births, pelvic organ prolapse, abdominal mass, smoking, obesity, old age and menopause. Conclusions: Urinary incontinence was the common complaint of women attending hospital out- patient clinics and those accompanying the patients. It was under-reported by the women although it affected their daily life. Only small proportion of women sought medical advice.

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