Asif Iqbal, Bilal Khan, Muhammad Idrees, Bilal Bashir, Mubashir Rehman, Omer Khan Orakzai.
Frequency and pattern of ocular emergency in district Swabi.
Isra Med J Jan ;6(4):305-10.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency and pattern of ocular conditions presented to the ophthalmic casualty room at a secondary care hospital in District Swabi. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive Cross- sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Eye Department of District Head Quarter Hospital, Swabi over a period of two years from 1st March 2010 to 28thFebruary 2012. METHODOLOGY: Nine hundred and Sixty patients who presented either with acute ocular condition or ocular injury through the outpatient or emergency routes were included in the study. The patients demographic data, detailed history, examination and final diagnosis were recorded in a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was based on age, gender, presentation, ocular features and diagnosis. RESULTS: In our study male were 57.8% (n=555) and female were 42.2% (n=405). Five hundred and thirty Six(55.8%) patients were in traumatic group while four hundred and twenty four (44.2%) patients were in non-traumatic group. Infective conjunctivitis (62.2%), Stye (12.6%), corneal ulcer (10.10%), retinal vascular disease (1.2%), acute post operative endophthalmitis (1.1%), acute uveitis (2.6%) and acute glaucoma (1.0%) were the leading causes in the non-traumatic group. In traumatic group 94.2% patients were non-infected while 5.8% were infected. In non-infected patients, both globe and extra globe injuries (44.6%), extraglobe injuries (23.8%) and globe injuries(23%) were present. In globe injuries, open globe injuries (OGI) were 39.7%.Post traumatic endophthalmitis was reported in 54.8% of traumatic ocular infection. Mechanical injuries (70.7%) were leading the list of traumatic ocular emergency. Work place (31.5%) was the most common place for ocular trauma. CONCLUSION: Common non- traumatic ocular emergency were Infective conjunctivitis, infective keratitis, acute glaucoma and acute uveitis. Females mostly middle age housewives had non-traumatic ocular emergencies. Traumatic ocular emergency commonly reported were both globe and extra globe injuries and open globe injuries. Males mostly young workers had traumatic ocular emergency. Mechanical injuries mostly the result of occupational accidents in workers.

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