Anwar M, Khaleel M E, Bukhari M H, Imam S F.
Detection of human papilloma virus from urinary bladder carcinoma.
Biomedica Jan ;31(2):87-93.

Background and Objective: A study was conducted to detect the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and to determine its association with other epidemiological factors in bladder cancer. It was a case control study conducted at Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan from January 2006 to December 2010. The study may address the possibility of HPV vaccination in future to prevent the risk of bladder carcinoma. Methodology: A total of 114 biopsies of urinary bladder cancers were collected from different hospitals in Lahore, Bahawalpur, Multan, and Islamabad. One hundred and seven biopsies of non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions were included as a control. Conventional patient’s history and clinical data was collected along with their biopsies. The real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of Human Papilloma Virus. Data was entered in Window SPSS version 16. Frequency of HPV and relative risk was calculated as compared to control group from different histopathology sections of bladder carcinoma. Results: Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) was more common in old age (mean age 56.92 ± 13.94 years) and in males (male to female ratio was 4.2:1.0). Use of tobacco was significantly associated with HPV infection and TCC (86/114 [75.5%] cases). DNA was detected from 98 samples (86%) but HPV was isolated in only 16 cases. High risk HPV subtypes 16 and 18 were detected in 11/98 (11%) and 5/98 (5%) cases of TCC respectively. Only 2/107 (1.86%) cases with non neoplastic bladder lesions showed positivity for HPV – 33. The relative risk was found to be 7.5 and 95% CI: 1.7 to 32. A significant association of HPV was seen in TCC (p = 0.0063). Conclusion: The frequency of HPV in our study was not high but it might be one of the important risk factors in this malignancy. No significant association of HPV was seen with other epidemiological risk factors except smoking for induction of urinary bladder carcinoma but its detection may indicate its presence and may be prevented by vaccination.

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