Kulsoom Farhat, Akbar Waheed, Anwar Kamal Pasha, Javeid Iqbal, Qaisar Mansoor.
Effect of smoking on nausea, vomiting and pain in the post-operative period.
J Postgrad Med Inst Jan ;28(3):277-81.

Objective: To determine the effect of smoking on the post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) as well as severity of pain in the post-operative period. Methodology: A total of 147 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were divided into 2 groups of non-smokers (n=75) and smokers (n=72). In the first 24 hours after surgery the frequency of PONV and the severity of pain on Visual Analogue Score were assessed. Results: The group of non-smokers had statistically more nausea and vomiting (n=59, 78.6%) as compared to that of smokers (n=20, 27.7%) [p<0.05]. However there was no significant difference in the maximum pain scores in both the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that frequency of PONV is less in smokers as compared to non-smokers.

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