Naghmana Mazher, Naumaan Malik, Ayesha Imran, Omer Chughtai, As Chughtai.
Aberrant Expression of CD Markers in Acute Leukemia.
Ann Pak Inst Med Sci Jan ;9(2):99-102.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of aberrant expression of CD markers in acute leukemias. Study Design: It was a retrospective study. Place and Duration of the Study: It was conducted at Chughtai’s Lahore Lab, Lahore. Materials and Methods: In the present study flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping in 50 cases of acute leukemia. Of these 23 cases were of AML and 27 of ALL . 3ml peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate samples were taken in vials containing ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA). Results: All cases were further subdivided into B-ALL and T-ALL. 31(62%) cases had conventional immunophenotypes as they showed expression of lineage specific markers while 19 (38%) cases showed expression of CD antigens which were not of that specific lineage. In 16 patients lymphoid lineage associated antigens were present on acute myeloid leukemia cases while 14 cases showed myeloid associated antigens expression on acute lymphoid leukemia cases. These cases were considered as aberrant immunophenotypes. In 23 patients with AML, we found CD7 expression in 6 cases (26%) and CD5 positivity in 3 patients (13 %). Five (22%) of these myeloid leukemia cases showed expression of TdT. Complete blood count was done by using Sysmex XE-2100.Peripheral blood film or bone marrow aspirate smears were stained by Giemsa stain to assess the morphology of blast cells. Then the whole blood or bone marrow aspirate samples were treated with CD markers which were conjugated with fluorochromes (i.e., FITC, PE and PerCP). At this stage the fluorochrome labeled antibodies in the reagent bind specifically to leucocyte surface antigens. Conclusion: It is suggested that leukemic cells may have aberrant markers because of their abnormal genetic programme resulting in the expression of aberrant immunophenotypes.

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