Muhammad Siddique Khan, Junaid Zeb, Amer Zaman.
Conversion of laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal hernia (TEP) repair to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair.
Rawal Med J Jan ;42(2):216-8.

Objectives: To determine the frequency and reasons for conversion of TEP to TAPP. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from August 7, 2013 to November 29, 2016. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 17. Results: All 151 patients were male. Mean age was 36.24±7.075 years (range 23 to 50). 91(60.3%) were from urban area, 73(48.3%) were smokers, while 49(32.4%) were hypertensive. Direct hernia was noted in 71(47.0%) and indirect hernia in 80(53.0%) patients. 21(13.90%) patients was converted to TAPP procedure. Reasons were hemorrhage in 8(5.3%) patients, peritoneal tear in 11(7.3%), while instrumental failure in 2(1.3%) patients. Conclusion: Main reasons for conversion to TAPP procedures were intraoperative complications i.e. hemorrhage, peritoneal tear and instrumental failure.

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