Maria Ali Shoaib, Usama Khalid Choudry, Iram Saddiqa Aamir, Qurrat-ul Ain Aqeel, Syed Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, Ghulam Fatima.
EMERGING RESISTANCE; Antibiograms of salmonella strains.
Professional Med J Jan ;23(07):822-7.

Objectives: To study the bacteriological profile of enteric fever and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to commonly used antibiotics in view of emerging resistance at Civil Hospital Karachi (C.H.K.) and provide a guideline for making a protocol for empirical antibiotic therapy where culture facilities are not available. Methodology: Design: Descriptive laboratory Based study. Place and Duration of study: The study was conducted from 1st January, 2010 till 30th June, 2012 at the Central Lab, Civil Hospital Karachi. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional analysis was done on a total of 37,805 blood specimens sent for C/S from the entire inpatient and outpatient departments to the central lab, CHK. All blood cultures were inoculated in thioglycolate broth and incubated at 37° for 7 days. Positive blood cultures were processed, colonies were identified using standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility was checked by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI criteria. Results: Out of these specimens, 430 samples were found positive for the salmonella strains, among them 395 (91.86%) were Salmonella typhi and 35 (8.14%) were Salmonella paratyphi A. Salmonella infection was more common in male (55.85%) and more prevalent in children under 10 years of age (34.88%). The resistance pattern for Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol, Co-trimoxazole, was (29%), (41%) and (5%) respectively; while the resistance was found to be higher in the commonly prescribed drugs belonging to first and second generation of cephalosporins and flouroquinolones. Conclusion: Amoxicillin and Chloramphenicol, the first line of drugs for the treatment of enteric fever are losing their efficacy and most of the organisms have developed resistance. Also, resistance against the second line of therapy, involving the use of cephalosporins and quinolones is rapidly emerging.

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