Mohammad Afzal Khan, Muhammad Naeem Chaudhry, Faris Mohammed Nour Altaf.
A Cephalometric Study in Southern Punjab.
Professional Med J Jan ;22(09):1203-7.

Morphological characteristics of various races and population groups usually appear in geographical knots and clusters. Standardized cephalometricrecords are immensely valuable for clinical and forensic purposes.In spite of its clinical significance no data is available about the cephalic indices and prevalence of cephalic phenotypes in Southern Punjab. Objectives: This study was undertaken to record baseline cephalometric data, cephalic indices and craniotypes. Study design: A cross-sectional population study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at the Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan and took about fourteen months to complete. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 672 adult individuals (430 males and 242 females) from in and around the city of Multan in Southern Punjab. Linear measurements of the head including maximum cranial length (glabella-inion length), maximum cranial breadth (maximum bi-parietal diameter) and maximum auricular head height were recorded using a digital spreading caliper. Results of measurements were expressed as mean ± SD. Comparison of the mean values and various proportions between sexes was performed. The horizontal, vertical and transverse cranial indices were calculated using these measurements. Craniotyping was based on the ranges in various cephalic indices. Results: Differences regarding the mean of cranial length, cranial breadth and height were significantly larger in males as compared to females (P<0.001). The mean vertical, horizontal and transverse cephalic indices in the males and females were 79.13 ± 5.56, 78.31 ± 5.19, 103 ± 7.78 and 78.32 ± 6.40, 78.32 ± 4.67, 100 ± 8.67 respectively.Most of the samples depicted craniotypes as mesocephalic and dolichocephalic both in the males and the females. Conclusion: The study provides baseline cephalometric data from a population of Southern Punjab that may have its potential in clinical application and future research.

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