Gotam Das, Khezran Qamar, Sajid Naeem.
Effect of gender and facial profiles on gingival display.
Pak Oral Dental J Jan ;36(3):512-4.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender and facial profiles on the percentage and the frequency of gingival display. This will help in clinically assessing the accurate gingival display that can be used in restoring the acrylic gingival tissues in the best esthetic zone in edentulous patients. It is a cross sectional study and was carried out at the Prosthodontic Department of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore from 16th July 2014 to January 2015. A total of 400 dentate subjects; 200 male and 200 females of age range 18 to 53 years were selected from the department of Prosthodontics, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. Informed consent and Demographic data was obtained. Subjects with intact maxillary anterior teeth and with healthy periodontal and gingival tissues were included in the study. However those undergone crown and bridge work on upper anterior teeth, interdental spacing, crowding or treated orthodontically were excluded. All the subjects having congenital or acquired orofacial deformities were also not included in the present study. Gingival display was noted by asking each participant with maximum smile. Gingival display was judged as either visible or not visible. The results of the present study have shown that significantly more female participants were found to display gingiva during maximum smiles in contrast with their male counterparts. However no difference in gingival display was found in different facial profiles. It was concluded that there were no significant effects of different facial profiles on gingival display during maximum smile. However gender does have a strong effect on the display of gingival tissues.

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