Syed Muhammad Ali, Syed Mahmood Haider, Sufyan Ahmed, Syed Ghazanfar Hassan, Sarfaraz Husain Jaffry.
Oral and maxillofacial manifestations in 50 β –thalassemic patients — a clinical study.
Pak Oral Dental J Jan ;36(2):179-83.

Thalassemia is a worldwide disease. 5-8% of Pakistani population (approx. 8-10 millions) are carrying thalassemia genes. It causes various abnormalities in different organs of patients. In Pakistan (to the best of our knowledge) no research work on oral and maxillofacial manifestations had been carried out, therefore present study was under taken. This study was carried out in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi with collaboration of Husaini Institute of Blood Diseases, Karachi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of oral maxillofacial manifestations in thalassemic patients from of Karachi groups. Fifty diagnosed β – thalassemia major patients were randomly selected from the patients who were registered for their treatment at the Husaini blood bank and Institute of Blood Diseases Karachi. Their clinical examination and percentage of recorded features were calculated and results were deduced. The most prominent features recorded were frontal bossing, seen in 54% cases, Parietal bossing in 88%; Depressed nasal bridge in 70% ; Pallor of oral mucosa in 84%; Intra oral pigmentation in 88%; Proclination of teeth in 26%; Gingivitis in 82%; Mamelon in 22%.

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