Munir Khan, Awais Khan, Umar Hussain.
Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction (tmd) among university students.
Pak Oral Dental J Jan ;35(3):382-5.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refers to group of disorders characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication; TMJ noises (sounds) during mandibular function; and deviations or restriction in mandibular range of motion. Temporomandibular disorders are common among all ages. Symptoms have been found more frequently in females than males. The aim of this study was to use a cross sectional epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD among university students in the permanent dentition, males and females, through clinical examination and self-reported questionnaire. Data were collected using a pre-structured proforma from 500 students from the Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan . Meaning and terms used in the proforma were explained to each student by the investigator. Age, gender and history for symptoms of the TMDs like pain in preauricular region, clicking sound, limited mouth opening(less than 40 mm), and chewing difficulty; were filled by the students. Detailed examination for signs of TMDs was done by two investigators. The collected were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all variables. Chi-square test was applied for comparison the variables (TMDs signs and symptoms) gender wise. P<0.005 was considered significant. Out of 500 participants 50% were males and 50% were females. Only 19% students had signs and symptoms of TMDs. Clicking sound was the most common sign of TMD in both genders. There was no statistical difference between the two genders (p> 0.005). Headache and TMJ sound were the most common symptoms in both genders. There was also no statistical difference in symptoms of TMDs between the two genders (p> 0.005).

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