Shezadi Sabah Imran, Musarat Ramzan.
Depression Among Primary and Secondary Infertile Women: Do Education and Employment Play any Role?.
Ann Pak Inst Med Sci Jan ;13(1):39-42.

Objectives: 1) To determine the frequency of depression among infertile women 2) To compare the frequency of depression among primary and secondary infertile women 3) To compare the difference in frequency of depression regarding age, educational and employment status. Material and Methods: The study was Cross-sectional and conducted in Pakistan Ordnance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt, from Jan 2014 to Aug 2014. The sample of 350 infertile women was selected by applying purposive sampling technique. The women were interviewed in Urdu after taking informed consent. A pretested questionnaire was used for data collection which consisted of demographic information, type of infertility and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Depression among infertile women was assessed by using operational definition; any woman who scored seventeen or above was considered depressive. The obtained data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables and the difference between frequency of depression among primary and secondary infertile women was analyzed by applying Chisquare test. The association of age, educational and employment status with depression was also analyzed by Chi-square test. The p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In a sample of 350 women 76% women had primary infertility while only 24% women presented with secondary infertility. Among them depression was found in 50.8% women; 55.8% women with primary infertility were depressed while 35.2% women with secondary infertility had depression. There was a significant difference in the existence of depression among them (p value=0.001). The depression was positively associated with increased age (p value=0.019) while no association was established with educational status and working status. (p value=0.255, 0.665 respectively) Conclusion: The study concluded that the frequency of depression among infertile women was fairly high and women having primary infertility were more depressed as compared to the women with secondary infertility. Women with increasing age were more depressed while the role of educational and working status was not established.

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