Shafqat Ullah, Naheed Mahsood, Ayesha Imtiaz, Amir Hamza.
Bovin Milk; Chemical Analysis of Raw Bovine Milk in District Peshawar.
Professional Med J Jan ;25(5):685-90.

Introduction: Milk and dairy products are consumed by the human on daily basis throughout the globe and constitute a huge business by the dairy farmers due to its high demand. The consumers of milk and milk products expect its high quality, free from the artificial preservatives and threatening agents. Objectives: To determine the chemical quality of raw bovine milk sold in open markets of district Peshawar. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: 4 towns, Town 1(Sikandar Town and Gul Bahar) ,2 (Shahi Bala,Methra and Pajjagi),3 (University Road and Hayatabad Area), 4 (Hazaekhawani and Badabair Area) of district Peshawar. Period: 6 months; from November 2016 to April 2017. Methodology: 158 samples were selected. All samples were analyzed for adulteration in the Public Health Laboratory phase 5 Hayatabad Peshawar. Study duration was 6 months; convenient sampling technique has been followed. Results: Among all 158 samples; 32.3% of the sample were adulterated with water. 8.9% of sample showed hydrogen per oxide adulteration. Starch, cane sugar and urea adulteration was in 7.6%, 2.5% and 1.9% samples respectively. Vegetable oil, formalin and synthetic milk adulteration was in 1.9%, 5.7% and 5.7% of samples respectively. We have Large Scale Vendors i.e. Rural Area 10% showing low and Urban Area 90% as high adulteration, Small Scale Vendors 30% low in rural Area and 70% high adulteration in urban area respectively. Conclusion: This study results provided a base line data of chemical composition of bovine milk used in Peshawar. Chemical were present and can play key role in alteration of milk which we use on daily basis. Water content was high, it means that most of the shop-keepers prefer to mix water in milk to increase the quantity of milk. Use of starch, Vegetable Oil and Formalin was minimal. Use of hydrogen peroxide, Urea and synthetic milk was very less in provided sample.

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