Muhammad Ihtesham Khan, Neelam Ahmad, Syeda Hina Fatima.
Haematological Disorders; Analysis of Hematological Disorders Through Bone Marrow Bioplsy Examination.
Professional Med J Jan ;25(6):828-34.

Objectives: To analyse the pattern of hematological disorders through bone marrow aspiration, and to compare the final diagnoses with their referral diagnoses made by the referring physicians.Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Period: 1st January -2016 to 30th December-2016. Setting: Department of Pathology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: 352 patients were included in the study. Bone marrow diagnosis was recorded. Data was analysed by SPSS version 18 and results were drawn accordingly. Results: A total of 352 patients underwent bone marrow aspiration during the study period. About 15 patients had diluted bone marrow aspirates. So, they were excluded from the study. The remaining 337 patients were included in the study. The age of the study sample ranged from 9 months to 72 years (mean age 36 years ±17.8 SD). There were 185 (55%) male and 151 (45%) females. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The commonest indication for bone marrow aspiration was ?suspected malignancy?, which was suspected in 114(33.85) patients, followed by ?pancytopenia?, which was seen in 69(20.55%) patients. About 69 (20.5%) patients were referred for work up of anemia. Bicytopenia was seen in 69(20.5%). The bone marrow aspiration showed that megaloblastic anemia was the commonest disorder observed in 37(10%) cases. Second common disorder was acute lymphoblastic leukemia, that was seen in 31 (9%) patients, followed by acute myeloid leukemia, which was seen in 26(7.7%) cases. Hemolytic anemia was seen in 20 (15.9%) cases. Aplastic anemia was seen in 18 (5.3%) cases. Multiple myeloma and mononuclear infiltration was seen in 17 (5%) patients each. Anemia of chronic disorder was seen in 16(4.7%) cases. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura was seen in 12 (3.6%) patients. Iron deficiency anemia was seen in 11 (3.3%) patients. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia was seen in 10 (2.9), Mixed deficiency anemia in 9 (2.7%), Myelodysplasia in 6 (1.7%), Malaria in 5(1.5%), and Niemann Pick in 4 (1.2%) patients. Gaucher disease and Visceral Leishmania was seen in 2 (0.6%) patients each. Histiocyticlymphohistiocytosis and Chediak Hegashi syndrome was seen in 1 (0.3%) patients each. Conclusions: Megaloblastic anemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Hemolytic Anemia and Aplastic Anemia are the common hematological disorders in our set up. Bone marrow is a reliable procedure to diagnosis hematological diseases when routine investigations fail to make diagnosis.

PakMediNet -Pakistan's largest Database of Pakistani Medical Journals - http://www.pakmedinet.com