Amina Umer, Khurshid Ahmad Khan, Sadaf Naz, Samsam Mushtaq, Saima Nouman Khan, Tabish Raza, Zohaib Ahmad Khan.
Frequency of peripheral arterial disease in high risk type 2 diabetes mellitus using ankle-brachial index and its association with the risk factors among patients presenting in Jinnah hospital, Lahore.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;68(4):761-66.

Objective:  To determine frequency of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) using ankle brachial index and its various risk factors in Pakistani patients. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017. Material and Methods:  High risk type 2 diabetic patients were recruited for the study. After detailed history and clinical examination, fasting and 2-hours postprandial sugar levels and blood pressure were measured. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was used to measure PAD using portable smart dop instrument. Patients with ABI <0.9 were labeled as having PAD. Results:  There were 100 subjects in the study with mean age 54.9 ± 9.1 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.15 ± 2.3 years. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 144 ± 14 mm Hg and 91 ± 6 mm Hg respectively. The mean fasting and 2-hours post prandial blood sugar level of the study population were 171.5 ± 9.12 and 202.6 ± 11.3 mg/dl respectively. Based on abnormal ABI <0.9, the prevalence of PAD was 41.0% in our study population. Higher mean age, duration of diabetes mellitus, mean systolic blood pressure and smoking were found to be statistically significant risk factors for PAD (p-value<0.01). Conclusion:  PAD was highly prevalent in our population and was significantly associated with higher mean age of patients, longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure and smoking.

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