Muhammad Amin, Muhammad Amanullah, Anwar Muneer Tarar.
Dental Caries, Periodontal Disease and their Associated Factors among patients Visiting Dental Teaching Hospital in Multan, Pakistan.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;25(3):98-102.

BACKGROUND: To determine different risk factors of dental caries and periodontal disease among subjects visiting dental hospital, Multan, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental hospital, Multan, Pakistan from March, 2014 to August, 2014. A questionnaire was distributed among adult patients visiting the hospital. The chi-square test was used to determine the association of risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, brushing habits etc. with caries and periodontal disease. RESULTS: Out of 366 patients, there were 186 (50.8 %) females and 180 (49.2%) males. It was observed that gender (p-value 0.14), education (p-value=0.13), income (p-value=0.39), age (p-value=0.17) and tooth paste use (p-value=0.55) have no association with the dental caries and periodontal disease. However, factors such as family history of dental diseases (p-value= 0.02), smoking (p-value <0.01), use of pan (p- value = 0.04), and duration of disease (p-value <0.01) were found to be significantly associated with caries and l disease. CONCLUSION: Family history, pan using, smoking, and dental duration are found to be significantly associated with caries and periodontal disease among patients visiting dental hospital of Multan, Pakistan.

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