Shahbaz Khan, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Kaleem, Shahab-ud Din, Kefi Iqbal.
An Updated Review of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Part-2: Biological Properties, Clinical Applications and Alternate Materials.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;24(1):02-10.

ABSTRACT: The aims of Part-2 updated review are to present biological properties, clinical applications and comparisons of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) with other alternate materials. MTA is a bioactive material that does not possess any cytotoxicity, neurotoxicity and mutagenicity. Clinically MTA performs better compared to other endodontic materials therefore, advocated as material of choice for various endodontic applications such as, pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, perforation repair, repair of root resorption and root end filling. MTA holds excellent sealing ability, biocompatibility, alkalinity and good interaction with mineral tissue forming cells to induce mineralization.The ability of MTA to induce mineral tissue formation is similar to calcium hydroxide however is more fast, thick and with uniform structural integrity. Difficult handling characteristics extended setting time, discoloration and higher cost are main shortcomings of MTA therefore, number of modified MTA products have been introduced (MTA Angelus, MTA Bio, Biodentine, DiaRoot Bioaggregate and MTA Plus). These alternate materials do possess some improvements over MTA however; considerable evaluation in laboratory and in clinical trials is required to improve clinical practices. KEY WORDS: Mineral trioxide aggregate, biological properties, clinical applications, calcium silicate cements.

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