Shaukat Ali.
To study the Association between Parental Consanguinity & Congenital Heart Diseases in Children at Mardan.
Ophthalmol Update Jan ;14(4):200-3.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital disorder in the newborns. Advances in cardiovascular medicine and surgery have enabled most patients to reach adulthood. Consequently, the prevalence of CHD is unclear and exceeding the number of patients seen in cardiology clinics. In Pakistan, the prevalence of CHD in neonates was found to be 4 per 1000 live births. Prevention of congenital cardiovascular defects has been hampered by a lack of information about modifiable risk factors for abnormalities in cardiac development. Over the past decade, there have been major breakthroughs in the understanding of inherited causes of CHD, including the identification of specific genetic abnormalities for some types of malformations. Consanguinity is widespread in Pakistan. The majority of studies on consanguinity in Pakistan have been carried out in urban metropolitan areas, and data on rural populations are scarce Objective: To determine the association between parental consanguinity and congenital heart diseases in children. Setting: Pediatric Unit Department of Pediatric Medicine, in D.H.Q hospital Mardan. Study Design: Controlled case study. Duration of Study: Six months (1/2/2015 to 2/8/2015). Material and Methods: In this study sample size of 168 patients, 84 cases and 84 controls were calculated with 49% in cases with CHD and 29% in controls (without CHD), considering odds ratio of 2.59, presenting to our hospital. Moreover, non- probability consecutive sampling technique was used for sample collection. Results: Our study shows that in case group, mean age was 1 years with SD � 1.07. Where as in control group, mean age was 1 years with SD � 1.13. In case group, (62%) patients were male while (38%) patients were female. Where as in control group, (58%) patients were male and (42%) patients were female. In case group, (51%) patients had parental consanguinity while (49%) patients didn`t had parental consanguinity. Where as in control group, (26%) patients had parental consanguinity and (74%) patients didn`t had parental consanguinity. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is an association between parental consanguinity and congenital heart disease in children attending the children unit of D.H.Q Hospital Mardan.

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