Sajida Naz, Iram Gul, Gul Hussain, Nida Jamshed, Fatima Ahmed.
Mood Regulation in Smoker and Non-Smoker Male Students.
Pak Paed J Jan ;43(2):120-5.

Objective: The current study examined and compared reflective mood experiences of active smoker and non-smoker university students. Study Design: Cross Sectional, survey. Place and Duration of Study: Local Universities in Rawalpindi, April 2017 - June 2018. Material and Methods: A consecutive sample of 370 male university students (aged up to 21 years) was selected from local universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. There were two groups i.e., one group consisted of active smokers (n=185) and the other had non-smokers (n =185). Reflective mood experiences were assessed with original version of Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS). Results: Multiple hierarchal regression analysis showed that attention and clarity domains of TMMS and age were significant predictors of mood regulation after controlling for demographic variables. Students in older age group (active smokers) experienced significant impairment in mood regulations particularly in terms of clarity and attention as compared to non-smokers. Discussion: The results of this study were consistent with the earlier literature, implying that a significant majority of the students who were smoker developed altered states of mood. Conclusion: Smoking can have potential influence on mood regulation by indirect influence on cognitive states i.e., lack of attention and clarity.

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